Publication date 2011 (in Hebrew), 2014 (in English) Pages 443 Followed by Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (: קיצור תולדות האנושות, Ḳitsur toldot ha-enoshut) is a book by first published in in in 2011, and in in 2014. The book surveys the history of humankind from the of archaic human species in the up to the twenty-first century, focusing on our own species of human,. The account is situated within a framework provided by the, particularly. The reception of the book has been mixed. Scholars with relevant subject matter expertise have generally been very skeptical of the book. Public reaction to the book has been positive. Contents.
Summary Harari's work situates its account of human history within a framework provided by the, particularly: he sees biology as setting the limits of possibility for human activity, and sees culture as shaping what happens within those bounds. The academic discipline of history is the account of cultural change. Harari surveys the history of humankind from the of archaic human species in the up to the twenty-first century, focusing on our own species of human,. He divides the history of Sapiens into four major parts:.
The (c. 70,000 BC, when Sapiens evolved imagination). 10,000 BC, the development of agriculture). The (the gradual consolidation of human political organisations towards one global empire). 1500 AD, the emergence of objective science). Harari's main argument is that Sapiens came to dominate the world because it is the only animal that can flexibly in large numbers. Demis roussos discografia completa descargar.
He argues that prehistoric Sapiens were a key cause of the extinction of other human species such as the, along with numerous other. He further argues that the ability of Sapiens to cooperate in large numbers arises from its unique capacity to believe in things existing purely in the, such as, and. Harari claims that all large-scale human cooperation systems – including, and – owe their emergence to Sapiens' distinctive cognitive capacity for.
Accordingly, Harari reads money as a system of and sees and as more or less identical with religions. Harari's key claim regarding the Agricultural Revolution is that while it promoted population growth for Sapiens and co-evolving species like wheat and cows, it made the lives of most individuals (and animals) worse than they had been when Sapiens were mostly hunter-gatherers, since their diet and daily lives became significantly less varied. Humans' violent treatment of other animals is indeed a theme that runs throughout the book.
In discussing the unification of humankind, Harari argues that over its history, the trend for Sapiens has increasingly been towards political and economic interdependence. For centuries, the majority of humans have lived in empires, and capitalist is effectively producing one, global empire. Harari argues that money, empires and are the principal drivers of this process. Harari sees the Scientific Revolution as founded in an innovation in European thought, whereby elites became willing to admit to and hence to try and remedy their. He sees this as one driver of early modern European imperialism and of the current convergence of human cultures. Harari also emphasises the lack of research into the history of, positing that people today are not significantly happier than in past eras. He concludes by considering how modern technology may soon end the species as we know it, as it ushers in, and.
Humans have, in Harari's chosen, become: they can create species. Harari cites 's (1997) as one of the greatest inspirations for the book by showing that it was possible to 'ask very big questions and answer them scientifically'. Reception Public reception First published in Hebrew in 2011 and then in English in 2014, the book was translated into 45 languages (as of June 2017).
It also made to and won the National Library of China's for the best book published in 2014. Writing four years after its English-language publication, Alex Preston wrote in that Sapiens had become a 'publishing phenomenon' with 'wild success' symptomatic of a broader trend toward 'intelligent, challenging nonfiction, often books that are several years old'. Concurrently, The Guardian listed the book as among the ten 'best brainy books of the decade'. Scholarly reception Anthropologist reviewed the book and did not find any 'serious contribution to knowledge'.
Hallpike suggested that '.whenever his facts are broadly correct they are not new, and whenever he tries to strike out on his own he often gets things wrong, sometimes seriously'. He considered it an publishing event offering a 'wild intellectual ride across the landscape of history, dotted with sensational displays of speculation, and ending with blood-curdling predictions about human destiny.' Science journalist concluded in, 'There’s a whiff of dorm-room bull sessions about the author’s stimulating but often unsourced assertions.' Reviewing the book in, evolutionary anthropologist points out problems stemming from the contradiction between Harari's 'freethinking scientific mind' and his 'fuzzier worldview hobbled by political correctness', but nonetheless wrote that 'Harari’s book is important reading for serious-minded, self-reflective sapiens.'
A Brief History Of Seven Killings
Reviewing the book in, philosopher concluded that among several other problems, 'Much of Sapiens is extremely interesting, and it is often well expressed. As one reads on, however, the attractive features of the book are overwhelmed by carelessness, exaggeration and sensationalism.'
Reviewing the book in The New Atlantis, John Sexton, graduate student at the University of Chicago, concluded that 'The book is fundamentally unserious and undeserving of the wide acclaim and attention it has been receiving'. Bibliographic details The original Hebrew publication was first issued in 2011 as קיצור תולדות האנושות Ḳitsur toldot ha-enoshut (Or Yehuda: ). The English translation was first published in 2014 as Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, 'translated by the author with the help of John Purcell and Haim Watzman', simultaneously in London by Harvill Secker (hardback), (trade paperback) and in Canada by Signal ( (bound), (html)). It was then republished under the same title but without the information about the translators in London by Vintage Books, apparently in 2015 ( (paperback)).
See also. Notes and references. Harari, Yuval Noah; Vintage (2014). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Strawson, Galen (11 September 2014).
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The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2014. Payne, Tom (26 September 2014). The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
Ben Shephard., The Guardian, 21 September 2014. Harari, Yuval Noah., The Guardian, September 5, 2014., IDEAS with (January 12, 2015).
Barnea, Nahum (2017-06-16). 'Lifnei she-Sorfim et ha-Machashefoth (Before they burn the witches)' (Ha-Musaf la-Shabat, weekend supplement). Yedioth Ahronoth. access-date= requires url=., April 23, 2015., China Daily, May 18, 2016, p.
Preston, Alex (July 29, 2018). The Guardian. From the original on July 31, 2018.
The Guardian. July 29, 2018. From the original on July 31, 2018. Hallpike, C.
R., New English Review, December 2017. Mann, Charles C. (6 February 2015). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
Tuschman, Avi (16 June 2016). The Washington Post.
Retrieved 16 June 2016. Strawson, Galen (11 September 2014). The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2016. The New Atlantis. Retrieved 2018-08-15.
Cambridge University Library catalogue, External links., The World Today, September 2015, Volume 71, Number 5., Gates Notes, May 17, 2016. Dirk Lindebaum., Management Learning, 46 (5) 2015, pp. DOI: 10.11615602981.
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I'm new to the audio book world. I have quite I long commute to work and want to make use of the time. I'm currently downloading audio books from my local library so the pickings are slim. I'm looking for some choices for new audio books to listen to. I recently finished Guns, Germs, and Steel and am looking for nonfiction books that are similar. The subject doesn't have to be the same but I am looking for books that I can learn new things, that are interesting to listen to, and that are backed by good sources/references.
Book Preface An Animal of No Significance ABOUT 13.5 BILLION YEARS AGO, MATTER, energy, time and space came into being in what is known as the Big Bang. The story of these fundamental features of our universe is called physics. About 300,000 years after their appearance, matter and energy started to coalesce into complex structures, called atoms, which then combined into molecules. The story of atoms, molecules and their interactions is called chemistry. About 3.8 billion years ago, on a planet called Earth, certain molecules combined to form particularly large and intricate structures called organisms. The story of organisms is called biology. About 70,000 years ago, organisms belonging to the species Homo sapiens started to form even more elaborate structures called cultures.
The subsequent development of these human cultures is called history. Three important revolutions shaped the course of history: the Cognitive Revolution kick-started history about 70,000 years ago. The Agricultural Revolution sped it up about 12,000 years ago.
The Scientific Revolution, which got under way only 500 years ago, may well end history and start something completely different. This book tells the story of how these three revolutions have affected humans and their fellow organisms. There were humans long before there was history. Animals much like modern humans first appeared about 2.5 million years ago.
But for countless generations they did not stand out from the myriad other organisms with which they shared their habitats. On a hike in East Africa 2 million years ago, you might well have encountered a familiar cast of human characters: anxious mothers cuddling their babies and clutches of carefree children playing in the mud; temperamental youths chafing against the dictates of society and weary elders who just wanted to be left in peace; chest-thumping machos trying to impress the local beauty and wise old matriarchs who had already seen it all. These archaic humans loved, played, formed close friendships and competed for status and power – but so did chimpanzees, baboons and elephants.
There was nothing special about them. Nobody, least of all humans themselves, had any inkling that their descendants would one day walk on the moon, split the atom, fathom the genetic code and write history books. The most important thing to know about prehistoric humans is that they were insignificant animals with no more impact on their environment than gorillas, fireflies or jellyfish.
Biologists classify organisms into species. Animals are said to belong to the same species if they tend to mate with each other, giving birth to fertile offspring. Horses and donkeys have a recent common ancestor and share many physical traits. But they show little sexual interest in one another. They will mate if induced to do so – but their offspring, called mules, are sterile. Mutations in donkey DNA can therefore never cross over to horses, or vice versa.
The two types of animals are consequently considered two distinct species, moving along separate evolutionary paths. By contrast, a bulldog and a spaniel may look very different, but they are members of the same species, sharing the same DNA pool.
They will happily mate and their puppies will grow up to pair off with other dogs and produce more puppies. Species that evolved from a common ancestor are bunched together under the heading ‘genus’ (plural genera).
Lions, tigers, leopards and jaguars are different species within the genus Panthera. Biologists label organisms with a two-part Latin name, genus followed by species. Lions, for example, are called Panthera leo, the species leo of the genus Panthera. Presumably, everyone reading this book is a Homo sapiens – the species sapiens (wise) of the genus Homo (man). Genera in their turn are grouped into families, such as the cats (lions, cheetahs, house cats), the dogs (wolves, foxes, jackals) and the elephants (elephants, mammoths, mastodons).
All members of a family trace their lineage back to a founding matriarch or patriarch. All cats, for example, from the smallest house kitten to the most ferocious lion, share a common feline ancestor who lived about 25 million years ago. Homo sapiens, too, belongs to a family.
Stephen Hawking Book A Brief History Of Time![]()
This banal fact used to be one of history’s most closely guarded secrets. Homo sapiens long preferred to view itself as set apart from animals, an orphan bereft of family, lacking siblings or cousins, and most importantly, without parents. But that’s just not the case.
The Brief History Of Humankind
Like it or not, we are members of a large and particularly noisy family called the great apes. Our closest living relatives include chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans. The chimpanzees are the closest. Just 6 million years ago, a single female ape had two daughters. One became the ancestor of all chimpanzees, the other is our own grandmother.
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